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Jane Whitney B.Sc.A.A.M. CMI

Certified Medical & Scientific Illustrator

Neuroanatomy

Spinal extradural arachnoid cysts (SEACs) are uncommon spinal lesions that may cause myelopathy, most frequently in the 2nd decade of life. Three contiguous but separate spinal cysts were identified intraoperatively, and they were completely excised with closure of the dural defects. The patient recovered motor and sensory function of the lower extremities. Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics, 2020, cover https://doi.org/10.3171/2019.12.PEDS19108

Virchow-Robin perivascular space — Perivascular spaces, also known as Virchow-Robin spaces are fluid-filled spaces in the brain that surrounds small arterioles, capillaries and venules in the brain. Biological Psychiatry https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.06.025

The primary intraparenchymal meningioma of the
frontal lobe (A) with no apparent dural attachment. The
presumption is that arachnoid cells present in the pia mater
migrate together with penetrating blood vessels during
brain development (B).
World Neurosurgery, Sept. 2021
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2021.06.139 — The primary intraparenchymal meningioma of the frontal lobe (A) with no apparent dural attachment. The presumption is that arachnoid cells present in the pia mater migrate together with penetrating blood vessels during brain development (B). World Neurosurgery, Sept. 2021 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2021.06.139

Fourth ventricle roof angle as a measure of fourth ventricle bowing and a radiographic predictor of brainstem dysfunction in Chiari malformation type I Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics Sept. 2021

Before (left) and after (right) of a large encephalocele (herniation of meninges and brain) through the base of the anterior skull into the mouth.

Pneumorrhachis: The most frequent initial mechanism is an increase in intraalveolar pressure (acute asthma, recurrent vomiting, or closed thoracic trauma). Barotrauma and alveolar rupture allow air migration along the bronchial tree up to the mediastinum. The collected air then separates the mediastinal pleura from the aorta and the parietal pleura from the spine; therefore, it enters the epidural space via the intervertebral foramina. The suddenness, more than the size of the pneumothorax, induces this initial increase in intra-alveolar pressure. Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine Oct 2020 https://doi.org/10.3171/2020.6.SPINE20648

Meet in the middle technique. The neurosurgeon removes the intracranial cyst and sinus tract working through a small bifrontal craniotomy and drilling through the foramen cecum. The plastic surgeon excises the nasal punctum and uses an external rhinoplasty to remove the extracranial lesion. Child's Nervous System, 2020 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00381-020-04499-5

The anatomy of the tentorium cerebelli. Child's Nervous System, 32, September 2015 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00381-015-2899-8

Endoscopic third ventriculostomy. Complications in Neurosurgery, Anil Nanda, 2019, Chapter 38: Complications of Ventricular Endoscopy, Roberta Rehder, Alan R. Cohen

Illustration showing different locations of brainstem tumors. Midbrain lesions often occur in the tegmentum and tectal plate. The most common pontine lesions are diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas. Exophytic components may arise from the pontine tumors and protrude into the fourth ventricle. Cervicomedullary gliomas are often low-grade tumors, affecting the medulla and the upper cervical spine. Surgery of the Brainstem, Thieme, Dec. 2019

The Mesolimbic Dopamine System in Chronic Pain and Associated Affective Comorbidities Biological Psychiatry https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.10.018

Endoscope-assisted microsurgery of the posterior fossa. Cerebellum is retracted; retractor not shown. SCA: superior cerebellar artery. SPV: superior petrosal vein. AICA: anterior inferior cerebellar artery. IAM: internal acoustic meatus.

Despite recent technological advances, direct approaches to the posterolateral incisural space remain surgical challenges. The extreme lateral infratentorial supracerebellar approach to treat pathologies located in the ambient cistern and posterior incisural space is a technically feasible route in selected cases. World Neurosurgery, July 2016 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2016.04.017

Despite recent technological advances, direct approaches to the posterolateral incisural space remain surgical challenges. The extreme lateral infratentorial supracerebellar approach to treat pathologies located in the ambient cistern and posterior incisural space is a technically feasible route in selected cases. World Neurosurgery, July 2016 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2016.04.017

Endoscope-Assisted Microsurgical Subtemporal Keyhole Approach to the Posterolateral Suprasellar Region and Basal Cisterns World Neurosurgery July 2017 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2017.02.054

Endoscope-Assisted Microsurgical Subtemporal Keyhole Approach to the Posterolateral Suprasellar Region and Basal Cisterns World Neurosurgery July 2017 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2017.02.054

Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian Axis

Invasive EEG monitoring for epilepsy

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